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ex officio member
An ex officio member is a member of a body (a board, committee, council, etc.) who is part of it by virtue of holding another office. The term is Latin, meaning literally "from the office", and the sense intended is "by right of office"; its use dates back to the Roman Republic.
A common misconception is that the participatory rights of ex officio members are limited by their status. This is incorrect, although their rights may be indeed limited by the by-laws of a particular body. ''Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised'' clarifies that the term denotes only how one becomes a member of a group, not what one's rights are. It is a method of sitting on a board or committee, not a class of membership.〔(RONR)〕 Ex officio members will frequently abstain from voting, however unless the by-laws constrain their rights, they are afforded the same rights as other members, e.g. debating, making formal motions, and voting.
== For profit and non-profit use ==
Any ex officio membership (for example, of committees, or of the board) will be as defined by the non-profit association's bylaws or other documents of authority. For example, the bylaws quite often provide that the organization's president will be ''ex officio'' a member of all committees, except the nominating committee.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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